Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing for the treatment of open and closed tibial fractures: a subgroup analysis of randomised trials.

International orthopaedics·2009
Same author

Selective COX-2 inhibitor versus nonselective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor in the prevention of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomised trials.

International orthopaedics·2009
Same author

[Study on evaluating sex determining region of the Y as an engrafting track of BMSCs transplantation for repairing osteonecrosis of the femoral head of rabbit].

Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery·2009
Same author

Positive association between benign familial infantile convulsions and LGI4.

Brain & development·2009
Same author

Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of chiral phthalides by efficient reductive cyclization of 2-acylarylcarboxylates under aqueous transfer hydrogenation conditions.

Organic letters·2009
Same author

Significance of urinary liver-fatty acid-binding protein in cardiac catheterization in patients with coronary artery disease.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2009

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection
07:35

Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection

Published on: August 6, 2019

Subnuclear distribution of SSX regulates its function.

Jiaochen Wang1, Huali Wang, Wei Hou

  • 1Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center of Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
|May 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The SSX gene, implicated in synovial sarcoma, interacts with Bmi1 in the nucleus. Cellular stress causes SSX to move to the nucleolus, reducing Bmi1 activity and potentially impacting cancer development.

More Related Videos

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization
09:31

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

Published on: March 11, 2011

Modulation of Tau Subcellular Localization as a Tool to Investigate the Expression of Disease-related Genes
09:12

Modulation of Tau Subcellular Localization as a Tool to Investigate the Expression of Disease-related Genes

Published on: December 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection
07:35

Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection

Published on: August 6, 2019

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization
09:31

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

Published on: March 11, 2011

Modulation of Tau Subcellular Localization as a Tool to Investigate the Expression of Disease-related Genes
09:12

Modulation of Tau Subcellular Localization as a Tool to Investigate the Expression of Disease-related Genes

Published on: December 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Genetics
  • Cellular Stress Response

Background:

  • The SSX gene family, located on the X chromosome, is recognized as a cancer-testis antigen.
  • SSX is a component of the SYT-SSX fusion gene in synovial sarcoma, suggesting a role in tumorigenesis.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the molecular regulation of SSX.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular regulation and cellular localization of SSX.
  • To elucidate the interaction between SSX and Bmi1 (a core factor of polycomb repressor complex 1).
  • To explore the role of SSX in cellular stress responses.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to observe SSX and Bmi1 localization.
  • Analysis of SSX domains for nuclear speckle distribution and Bmi1 recruitment.
  • Investigation of SSX nucleolar translocation under stress conditions (hydrogen peroxide, heat shock).
  • Assessment of Bmi1 activity following SSX translocation.

Main Results:

  • SSX and its SYT fusion protein localize to nuclear speckles, co-localizing with Bmi1.
  • The C-terminus of SSX is essential for nuclear speckle localization, while the N-terminus mediates Bmi1 recruitment.
  • The SSX N-terminus contains a nucleolar localization signal, mediating translocation to the nucleolus under cellular stress.
  • Stress-induced SSX translocation is reversible and involves HSP 70 and p14ARF.
  • Translocation causes SSX dissociation from Bmi1, leading to down-regulation of Bmi1 activity.

Conclusions:

  • SSX interacts with Bmi1 within nuclear speckles, with distinct domains mediating localization and interaction.
  • SSX functions as a stress response gene, translocating to the nucleolus under stress.
  • This stress-induced translocation modulates Bmi1 activity, offering insights into synovial sarcoma development and SSX's role in cancer.