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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

DNA methylation program during development.

Feng C Zhou1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Frontiers in Biology
|May 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation is a dynamic epigenetic regulator influencing gene expression and development. This review explores the complexity of DNA methylation programs and their environmental influences.

Keywords:
5-hydroxymethylcytosineDNA demethylationenvironmental factorsepigeneticsepigenomeneural development

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Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
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Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
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Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain

Published on: July 12, 2012

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
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Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

Published on: August 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification regulating gene accessibility and transcription.
  • It is inheritable, dynamic, and acts as a key regulator of gene expression and development.
  • Recent findings reveal complexity in cytosine methylation and demethylation pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the existence and nature of a DNA methylation program.
  • To explore environmental factors that can alter this program.
  • To propose translational implications of DNA methylation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on DNA methylation.
  • Analysis of existing data on epigenetic regulation.
  • Discussion of proposed mechanisms and pathways.

Main Results:

  • DNA methylation involves dynamic processes of synthesis, erasure, and reinstatement.
  • Two forms of cytosine methylation and two demethylation pathways contribute to regulatory complexity.
  • Environmental factors can indeed modify the DNA methylation program.

Conclusions:

  • A complex DNA methylation program exists, orchestrating gene expression and development.
  • Understanding this program and its environmental interactions is crucial for developmental biology.
  • The translational potential of DNA methylation warrants further investigation.