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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Friendly pathogens: prevent or provoke autoimmunity.

Sathyaseelan Sathyabama1, Nargis Khan, Javed N Agrewala

  • 1CSIR Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India.

Critical Reviews in Microbiology
|May 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiota, comprising trillions of microbes, plays a crucial role in regulating the host immune system and maintaining immune homeostasis. Imbalances in gut microbes can lead to autoimmunity.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The mammalian gut hosts trillions of commensal microbes, collectively known as the gut microbiota.
  • These microbes significantly influence both local and systemic host immunity.
  • Emerging research highlights the gut microbiota's role in modulating, tuning, and taming the host immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate interactions between gut microbes and immune cells.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight the importance of microbial composition in immune homeostasis and disease prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on gut microbiota and immune system interactions.

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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

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  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying microbial modulation of immune responses.
  • Exploration of the link between gut dysbiosis and autoimmune conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Gut microbes are essential for modulating immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis.
    • Disturbances in gut microbial composition can disrupt immune balance, potentially leading to molecular mimicry and autoimmunity.
    • Specific microbial interactions with immune cells are involved in controlling autoimmune diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the gut microbiota's influence on the immune system is critical for preventing and managing autoimmune diseases.
    • The composition and function of the gut microbiota are key factors in immune system regulation.
    • Targeting the gut microbiota may offer novel therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disorders.