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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
10:11

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG

Published on: July 26, 2024

New insights into replication clamp unloading.

Helle D Ulrich1

  • 1Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|May 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Elg1/ATAD5-RLC complex unloads proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) from DNA in yeast and human cells, ensuring genome stability. This unloading is crucial for proper DNA replication and repair processes.

Keywords:
DNA replicationPCNARFCSIMSUMOSUMO interaction motifclamp loadergenome stabilityproliferating cell nuclear antigenreplication factor C

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
10:11

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG

Published on: July 26, 2024

Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase
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Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
08:53

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a core component of the eukaryotic replisome, acting as a scaffold for DNA replication and repair factors.
  • PCNA is loaded onto DNA by the replication factor C (RFC) complex, but its removal mechanism was previously unclear.
  • Maintaining proper PCNA chromatin residence is essential for genome stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of PCNA removal from DNA after replication.
  • To identify the protein complex responsible for PCNA unloading.
  • To understand the role of PCNA unloading in maintaining genome stability.

Main Methods:

  • Yeast and human cell culture models.
  • Biochemical assays to study protein-DNA interactions.
  • Genetic manipulation to assess the function of Elg1/ATAD5-RLC.

Main Results:

  • Two complementary studies implicate the replication factor C-like complex (Elg1/ATAD5-RLC) in PCNA unloading.
  • Elg1/ATAD5-RLC facilitates the removal of PCNA from DNA in both yeast and human cells.
  • The interaction of Elg1/ATAD5 with SUMO affects its genome maintenance functions independently of PCNA unloading.

Conclusions:

  • Elg1/ATAD5-RLC plays a critical role in PCNA unloading, a process vital for genome stability.
  • Regulated PCNA residence on chromatin is essential for preventing DNA replication errors and maintaining genomic integrity.
  • SUMOylation of Elg1/ATAD5 influences its broader role in genome maintenance beyond PCNA unloading.