New surgical approach to advanced Kienböck disease: lunate replacement with pedicled vascularized scaphoid graft and...

Reconstructive procedures such as proximal row carpectomy or partial arthrodesis have been commonly proposed for advanced Kienböck disease (Lichtmann IIIB to IV). The purpose of this study is to evaluate an alternative surgical technique to advanced Kienböck disease: lunate excision and replacement with pedicled vascularized scaphoid graft and partial radioscaphoidal arthrodesis. The main advantage of the proposed intervention is to preserve mobility while not jeopardizing prime clinical outcomes such as pain. By replacing the devitalized lunate we aim at maintaining midcarpal range of motion, and preventing disease progression with carpal collapse and osteoarthritis of the wrist. Between 2002 and 2008, 13 patients of mean age 41 years (range, 25 to 57 y) were operated using this technique. The surgical act included 3 key steps. First, we excised the lunate, then, filled the generated gap with the rotated scaphoid, using it as a pedicled vascularized autograft. Finally, we performed a partial radioscaphoid arthrodesis. At the final follow-up, none of the intervened patients had pain at rest, and 6 patients could perform nonrestricted daily activities. The average postoperative range of motion in flexion/extension was 70 degrees (range, 55 to 90 degrees), 44% (range, 38% to 54%) of what could be achieved by the contralateral arm, and only 16% (range, 14% to 19%) or 25 degrees (range, 18 to 30 degrees) less than the preoperative range of motion of the same wrist. Grip strength improved by more than 30% (range, 24% to 36%). At an average follow-up of 4 years after surgery, 12 of 13 patients had no radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis or collapse of subchondral bone at the level of the new scaphocapitate joint. At follow-up evaluation, the average DASH score was 14 points (range, 6 to 20). The patients experienced a significant improvement in their functional abilities, achieving good results compared with the conventional techniques. The absence of carpal collapse and good functional results are encouraging.