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Weak D types in the Egyptian population.

Eiman Hussein1, Jun Teruya

  • 1Cairo University Blood Bank, Clinical Pathology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. eimanhussein@ymail.com

American Journal of Clinical Pathology
|May 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rh-negative Egyptian blood samples reveal distinct weak D variants. Implementing weak D typing is crucial for safe transfusion practices and understanding ethnic differences in D antigen expression.

Keywords:
Anti-D alloimmunizationEgyptian populationWeak D alleles

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Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Immunogenetics
  • Clinical Pathology

Background:

  • The RhD blood group system is critical for transfusion safety.
  • Weak D variants present challenges in accurate RhD typing.
  • Understanding ethnic variations in weak D expression is essential for targeted strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and types of weak D variants in an Egyptian Rh-negative population.
  • To assess the clinical implications of weak D expression, including alloimmunization risk.
  • To propose a cost-effective strategy for D variant testing in Egypt.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP) was used to identify D variants.
  • Serological testing was performed to confirm partial D phenotypes.
  • Analysis of anti-D alloimmunization in Rh-negative pediatric thalassemia patients receiving transfusions.

Main Results:

  • Out of 1,113 samples, 4.5% exhibited weak D variants, with type 4.2 being the most prevalent (32%).
  • Sixty-two point five percent of serologically identified partial D samples were among the D variants.
  • A high rate (63.5%) of anti-D alloimmunization was observed in Rh-negative children with thalassemia receiving untested units.

Conclusions:

  • Egyptian weak D variants differ significantly from Caucasian populations, necessitating ethnicity-specific transfusion strategies.
  • Routine weak D typing in Egyptian blood donors is recommended to prevent transfusion reactions.
  • Clinical and prenatal strategies for D variants must consider ethnic diversity.