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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...

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A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.
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A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.

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[Infectious diarrhea - key reflections for approaching this problem].

Natalie Ortega1, Silvana Rampini

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsspital Zürich.

Praxis
|May 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diarrhea, a common condition, has many causes. Prompt diagnosis and rehydration are key for managing acute cases, while persistent diarrhea requires further investigation for parasitic or non-infectious origins.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Internal Medicine

Context:

  • Diarrhea presents as a frequent and complex clinical entity.
  • Numerous infectious and non-infectious etiologies contribute to its occurrence.
  • Clinical and epidemiological history guides the need for laboratory work-up and treatment.

Purpose:

  • To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to diarrhea.
  • To differentiate between acute and persistent diarrhea based on duration.
  • To emphasize the importance of identifying underlying causes for effective management.

Summary:

  • Acute diarrhea is often viral or bacterial, typically resolving without intervention.
  • Persistent diarrhea (over two weeks) warrants consideration of parasitic or non-infectious causes.
  • Stool specimen analysis should target likely pathogens or etiologies.
  • Rehydration is the cornerstone of acute diarrhea treatment.
  • Empirical anti-infective therapy is reserved for severe, persistent, or specific high-risk scenarios.

Impact:

  • Facilitates appropriate diagnostic work-up for diverse diarrhea causes.
  • Highlights the critical role of rehydration in managing acute diarrhea.
  • Provides guidance on when to consider advanced investigations and targeted therapies.