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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
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Pain01:20

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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex. This...
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

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Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Determining heat and mechanical pain threshold in inflamed skin of human subjects
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Published on: January 14, 2009

Sensitization and pain.

Marco Aguggia1, M G Saracco, M Cavallini

  • 1Neurological Department Asti, Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy. marco.aguggia@gmail.com

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|May 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine involves heightened sensitivity and pain from non-painful stimuli, known as allodynia. This suggests sensitization in the trigeminal neural network and brainstem may cause migraine symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Migraine is characterized by increased mechanical sensitivities, both inside and outside the skull.
  • Current understanding views migraine as a neurovascular disorder originating intracranially, involving meningeal blood vessels and associated pain fibers.
  • Allodynia, the experience of pain from non-painful stimuli, is a common feature in pain syndromes and indicates trigeminal neural network sensitization in migraine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms behind migraine-associated allodynia.
  • To investigate the role of central nervous system sensitization in migraine pathophysiology.
  • To understand how altered sensory processing in the brainstem contributes to migraine attacks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on migraine pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of clinical features of migraine, including allodynia.
  • Examination of neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies related to trigeminal pathways.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous allodynia in migraine patients is a clinical manifestation of central nervous system sensitization.
  • Sensory impulses are abnormally processed in the brainstem, particularly the trigeminal nucleus caudalis.
  • This altered processing may explain the timing and symptoms during a migraine attack.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine involves significant sensitization of the trigeminal system.
  • Central nervous system sensitization, evidenced by allodynia, is a key feature of migraine.
  • Brainstem sensory processing alterations are crucial for understanding migraine attack dynamics.