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Related Concept Videos

Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Label-free Technique for the Spatio-temporal Imaging of Single Cell Secretions
09:09

A Label-free Technique for the Spatio-temporal Imaging of Single Cell Secretions

Published on: November 23, 2015

Multispot, label-free biodetection at a phantom plastic-water interface.

Fabio Giavazzi1, Matteo Salina, Roberto Cerbino

  • 1Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Segrate, Italy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a simple, low-cost, label-free biodetector for biomolecule quantification. It uses light reflection from an index-matched interface, enabling rapid and sensitive detection of disease markers like hepatitis B and HIV antigens.

Keywords:
biomolecular detectionimmunoassayoptical biosensorprotein microarrayreflective phantom interface

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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

A Label-free Technique for the Spatio-temporal Imaging of Single Cell Secretions
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Biomolecular detection
  • Biosensing technology
  • Diagnostic assays

Background:

  • Traditional biomolecule detection methods are often time-consuming and require labels.
  • There is a need for rapid, label-free techniques for real-time biomolecule quantification.
  • Current diagnostic procedures can be lengthy and complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a simple, low-cost, label-free biodetector.
  • To enable direct and real-time quantification of biomolecules in aqueous samples.
  • To achieve sensitive detection of disease-specific antigens.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an amorphous fluoropolymer substrate with a refractive index matched to water.
  • Immobilizing antibodies in spots on the substrate surface.
  • Measuring the intensity of light reflected at the fluid-sample/substrate interface.
  • Quantifying antigen binding based on reflected light intensity.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated label-free quantification of antigen binding.
  • Achieved a limit of detection in the picograms per square millimeter range for surface-bound molecules.
  • Enabled real-time monitoring of molecular binding and adhesion rates.
  • Estimated antigen concentrations down to nanograms per milliliter.

Conclusions:

  • The developed biodetector offers a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive method for biomolecule detection.
  • The label-free, real-time approach facilitates rapid quantification of antigens, aiding in diagnostics.
  • This technology has potential applications in research and clinical laboratory settings for disease marker detection.