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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and Cox...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
09:19

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 6, 2015

Comparative effectiveness research in oncology.

Gary H Lyman1

  • 1Duke University and the Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Gary.Lyman@Duke.edu

The Oncologist
|May 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Comparative effective research (CER) uses various methods beyond randomized trials to ensure optimal patient care. Addressing methodological, social, and political challenges is crucial for its effective implementation in oncology.

Keywords:
Clinical trialsComparative effectivenessCost-effectivenessHealth policyOutcomes

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
09:19

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Oncology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for comparative effective research (CER), but limitations necessitate alternative rigorous methodologies.
  • Comparative effective research (CER) is vital for evaluating treatment effectiveness, safety, and value to guide patient care decisions.
  • Challenges in CER include methodological rigor, political, and social factors, alongside rising healthcare costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of diverse methodologies in comparative effective research (CER) when RCTs are insufficient.
  • To emphasize the need for rigorous approaches in CER to inform patient care, providers, and policymakers.
  • To discuss the challenges and opportunities for CER implementation, particularly within oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing methodologies for comparative effective research (CER) beyond RCTs.
  • Analysis of the methodological, political, and social challenges impacting CER.
  • Exploration of the role of oncologists and professional societies in advancing CER.

Main Results:

  • Alternative rigorous methods to RCTs are available and necessary for comprehensive CER.
  • Effective CER requires sophisticated methodological oversight to minimize bias and ensure reliable evidence.
  • The social and political climate presents significant hurdles to CER implementation, questioning its objectives.

Conclusions:

  • CER, when conducted appropriately, can identify the most effective and safe patient care strategies.
  • Oncologists and professional societies are key to navigating CER's complexities and promoting informed discussions on healthcare value.
  • Addressing challenges is essential for leveraging CER to optimize cancer care and manage costs.