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Related Concept Videos

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of an Aspirin-fumarate Prodrug that Inhibits NFκB Activity and Breast Cancer Stem Cells
13:38

Synthesis and Characterization of an Aspirin-fumarate Prodrug that Inhibits NFκB Activity and Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Published on: January 18, 2017

Dimethyl fumarate : a Janus-faced substance?

Frieder Kees1

  • 1University of Regensburg, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. frieder.kees@ur.de

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|May 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) shows promise for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by activating anti-inflammatory pathways. While effective for disease activity, long-term safety and adherence require further observation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of an Aspirin-fumarate Prodrug that Inhibits NFκB Activity and Breast Cancer Stem Cells
13:38

Synthesis and Characterization of an Aspirin-fumarate Prodrug that Inhibits NFκB Activity and Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Published on: January 18, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), initially a fungicide, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.
  • Oral DMF is beneficial for psoriasis treatment.
  • A specific formulation, BG-12, is now approved for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action of DMF in RRMS.
  • To discuss clinical outcomes of DMF in RRMS treatment.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of DMF for RRMS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PubMed database using relevant keywords.
  • Analysis of cited references from identified articles.
  • Focus on molecular and cellular pathways, and clinical results.

Main Results:

  • DMF demonstrated efficacy in reducing RRMS disease activity and severity.
  • Inconsistent results were observed regarding disability progression.
  • Potential for long-term use is suggested by the safety profile, but side effects may impact adherence.

Conclusions:

  • DMF shows efficacy in RRMS, but disability progression data is mixed.
  • Gastrointestinal issues and flushing can affect patient adherence.
  • Long-term monitoring of DMF's fate in the body is warranted due to its covalent binding to proteins.