Related Experiment Videos
Transintestinal elimination of ciprofloxacin
R W Rohwedder1, T Bergan, S B Thorsteinsson
1Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, FRG.
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
|March 1, 1990
Summary
This study examined ciprofloxacin elimination in healthy individuals and patients with severe renal failure. Renal impairment significantly alters ciprofloxacin excretion routes, increasing fecal elimination and prolonging its half-life.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacokinetics
- Drug Metabolism and Elimination
Background:
- Ciprofloxacin is a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
- Renal function significantly impacts drug elimination.
- Understanding ciprofloxacin excretion is crucial for dose adjustment in renal impairment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the routes of elimination of ciprofloxacin in healthy volunteers and patients with severe renal failure.
- To compare the pharmacokinetic parameters, specifically elimination half-life and routes of excretion, between these two groups.
Main Methods:
- Two groups of five subjects each (healthy volunteers and patients with severe renal failure) received a single 200 mg intravenous dose of ciprofloxacin.
- Urine and feces were collected for 7 days post-dose to quantify drug and metabolite recovery.
- Serum samples were collected at intervals for pharmacokinetic analysis.
- High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assay ciprofloxacin and its metabolites.
Main Results:
- The elimination half-life of ciprofloxacin was significantly prolonged in patients with severe renal failure (11.2 +/- 2.5 hr) compared to healthy volunteers (3.9 +/- 0.4 hr).
- Urinary recovery of ciprofloxacin was substantially reduced in patients with renal failure (19.0%) versus healthy subjects (65.3%).
- Fecal recovery of ciprofloxacin was markedly increased in patients with renal failure (37.2%) compared to healthy subjects (11.4%).
Conclusions:
- Severe renal failure significantly alters ciprofloxacin's elimination pathways, with a notable shift from renal to fecal excretion.
- The prolonged half-life and altered excretion profile in renal impairment necessitate careful consideration for ciprofloxacin dosing in these patients.