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Related Concept Videos

Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
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Standard Precaution01:26

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
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Screening for HIV: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Virginia A Moyer1,

  • 1U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Rockville, Maryland

Annals of Internal Medicine
|May 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening all adolescents and adults aged 15-65 for HIV infection. Pregnant women, including those in labor, should also be screened for HIV.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • The 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines on HIV screening required an update.
  • New evidence has emerged regarding HIV treatment effectiveness, behavioral impacts of interventions, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated USPSTF recommendation statement on screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
  • To review current evidence on HIV screening, treatment, and prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of new evidence published since the 2005 USPSTF guidelines.
  • Evaluation of treatment effectiveness in HIV-infected individuals with CD4 counts > 0.200 × 10^9 cells/L.
  • Assessment of the impact of screening, counseling, and ART on risky behaviors and HIV transmission.

Main Results:

  • Effectiveness of current treatments for HIV-infected individuals with higher CD4 counts.
  • Impact of interventions on HIV transmission risk and patient behaviors.
  • Long-term cardiovascular risks associated with ART.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians should screen all adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years for HIV infection (Grade A).
  • Screening is also recommended for younger adolescents and older adults at increased risk.
  • All pregnant women, including those in labor with unknown HIV status, should be screened (Grade A).