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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
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Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: July 16, 2020

Capnocytophaga sputigena empyema.

Andrew Li1, Paul Tambyah, Douglas Chan

  • 1National University Hospital, Singapore. endrool@gmail.com

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
|May 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Empyema, a serious infection, is rarely caused by Capnocytophaga bacteria. This case highlights a polymicrobial empyema where Capnocytophaga sputigena predominated in an elderly patient.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Empyema is a significant global health concern, typically caused by Gram-positive bacteria like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus.
  • Infections due to Capnocytophaga species are exceptionally rare causes of empyema.

Observation:

  • A unique case of polymicrobial empyema was observed in an elderly patient.
  • The patient had no history of animal bites or splenectomy, common risk factors for certain infections.

Findings:

  • The empyema presented with a predominance of Capnocytophaga sputigena, an unusual finding.
  • This case underscores the diverse microbial etiologies of empyema, extending beyond typical pathogens.

Implications:

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Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
07:25

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Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice
15:43

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2014

  • Clinicians should consider a broader range of microorganisms, including Capnocytophaga, in diagnosing empyema, especially in atypical presentations.
  • This case expands the understanding of Capnocytophaga-associated infections and their clinical significance.