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Updated: May 11, 2026

Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality
Published on: April 5, 2024
Utilizing integrated facility design to improve the quality of a pediatric ambulatory surgery center
Nicole Pelly1, Brian Zeallear, Mark Reed
1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, USA. nicole.pelly@seattlechildrens.org
Aim:
The aim was to use Integrated Facility Design (IFD) to design a surgery center that enhances the delivery of health care by developing processes that provide highly efficient patient, family, and provider flows while adding value and utilizing costly resources effectively.
Background:
Integrated Facility Design is an adaptation of the Toyota 3P (Production, Preparation, Process) Program. The goal of IFD is to accelerate development time and lower start-up costs.
Results:
The use of IFD produced a savings of $30 million in project costs and enabled a completion date 3.5 months ahead of schedule. The designed patient flow processes resulted in dramatic improvements in patient, family, and provider throughput.
Conclusions:
The use of IFD in the design of a pediatric ambulatory clinic and surgery resulted in significant cost savings and improved clinical efficiency.
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