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Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

Reliability of field methods for estimating body fat.

Jeremy P Loenneke¹, Jeremy T Barnes, Jacob M Wilson

¹Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-0615, USA. jploenneke@ou.edu

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

|May 25, 2013

Summary

Assessing body composition is crucial for fitness professionals. This study found 3-site skinfold (SKF) and Omron HBF-306C (athlete mode) offer the most reliable body fat percentage (BF%) estimations for tracking changes over time.

Keywords:

bioelectrical impedance analysis impedance skinfolds

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Clinical Anthropometrics and Body Composition from 3-Dimensional Optical Imaging

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Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Human Biology
Sports Science

Background:

Accurate body composition assessment is vital for health and fitness professionals.
Reliability of measurement is often prioritized over validity for tracking changes in clients.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skinfold measurements (SKF) are common methods for estimating body fat percentage (BF%).

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the reliability of two BIA devices (Tanita BF-350 and Omron HBF-306C) in athlete and non-athlete modes.
To compare the reliability of these BIA devices against the 3-site SKF method.
To identify the most reliable method for estimating body fat percentage in a college student population.

Main Methods:

Twenty-one college students participated in two measurement sessions.
Body mass, height, 3-site SKF, Tanita BF-350, and Omron HBF-306C measurements were recorded in a standardized order.
Reliability was assessed using Pearson correlations, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs), and minimal differences (MDs).

Main Results:

No significant pairwise differences were found between the two measurement visits for any method (P>0.05).
3-site SKF (r=0.994, ICC=0.992, MD=1.8%) and Omron HBF-306C in athlete mode (HBF-306C(A)) showed the highest reliability with minimal differences below 2%.
Tanita BF-350 and Omron HBF-306C in non-athlete mode exhibited minimal differences greater than 2%.

Conclusions:

The 3-site SKF method offers the best reliability for tracking changes in body fat percentage over time when administered by an experienced tester.
The Omron HBF-306C in athlete mode is a reliable alternative, especially when technical error associated with SKF is a concern.
Both SKF and HBF-306C(A) are recommended as reliable field methods for estimating body composition in college students.