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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
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Comparison between the rhythmic jaw contractions occurring during sleep and while chewing.

Jessica M C Po1, Luigi M Gallo, Ambra Michelotti

  • 1Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Journal of Sleep Research
|May 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity during sleep bruxism (SB) does not correlate with natural chewing pace. Sleep bruxism

Keywords:
central pattern generatorelectromyographyfourier analysismasticationmasticatory musclessleep bruxism

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Dentistry

Background:

  • The masticatory central pattern generator (CPG) is potentially involved in the pathophysiology of sleep bruxism (SB).
  • Understanding the characteristics of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) during sleep is crucial for investigating SB.
  • Comparing sleep-related RMMA with voluntary chewing RMMA can elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare RMMA during sleep in individuals with SB to RMMA during natural voluntary chewing.
  • To test the hypothesis that the pace of RMMA during sleep is correlated with the pace of voluntary chewing.

Main Methods:

  • Electromyographic (EMG) surface activity of the masseter muscle was recorded from 13 participants diagnosed with SB using portable recorders.
  • Recordings were conducted in participants' natural environment, encompassing dinner time and the entire sleep period.
  • Time-frequency features of RMMA episodes were extracted using a validated offline algorithm.

Main Results:

  • RMMA episodes during natural chewing were nearly double the duration and power of sleep-related RMMA in SB participants.
  • The mean frequency of RMMA during sleep bruxism was 1.0 ± 0.3 Hz, while during chewing it was 1.5 ± 0.4 Hz.
  • No significant correlation was found between the pace of sleep bruxism RMMA and the pace of voluntary chewing (R = -0.13; P = 0.96).

Conclusions:

  • Sleep-related RMMA in individuals with sleep bruxism is not directly related to the pace of natural voluntary chewing.
  • The pace-generating mechanisms for sleep bruxism and voluntary chewing appear to be independent, despite both involving rhythmic jaw contractions.