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Related Concept Videos

Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a polypeptide...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of specific...

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Use of Pre-Assembled Plastic Microfluidic Chips for Compartmentalizing Primary Murine Neurons
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RNA protein interaction in neurons.

Robert B Darnell1

  • 1Department of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. darnelr@rockefeller.edu

Annual Review of Neuroscience
|May 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurons possess unique RNA regulation systems involving RNA binding proteins (RNABPs). These systems enhance cellular complexity, mRNA localization, and synaptic responses, highlighting their neurologic significance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neurons exhibit specialized RNA regulation mechanisms.
  • Multigene families encode neuron-specific RNA binding proteins (RNABPs), such as ELAV, NeuN, and NOVA.
  • Widely expressed RNABPs, including Argonaute/microRNAs (miRNAs), may also have specialized neuronal functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of neuronal RNA binding proteins (RNABPs).
  • To explore the biologic and neurologic significance of specialized RNA regulatory systems in neurons.
  • To understand how neurons uniquely regulate RNA for increased complexity, spatial mRNA localization, and synaptic response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuronal RNABPs.
  • Analysis of new technologies for assessing in vivo protein function.
  • Exploration of the roles of specific RNABPs (ELAV, NeuN, NOVA, Argonaute/miRNAs) in neuronal function.

Main Results:

  • Neurons employ distinct RNA regulatory systems.
  • Neuron-specific RNABPs play key roles in cellular complexity, mRNA localization, and synaptic plasticity.
  • Emerging technologies provide insights into the in vivo functions of these RNABPs.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal RNA regulatory systems are crucial for neuronal function and complexity.
  • RNABPs, both neuron-specific and widely expressed, contribute to specialized neuronal processes.
  • Further research into these systems holds significant potential for understanding neurologic function and disease.