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Nephrolithiasis-related end stage renal disease
C Pipili1, I Kiriakoutzik, F Petychaki
1Laiki Merimna Department of Nephrology, 17343 Athens, Greece. chrysapi2001@gmail.com
Summary
Kidney stones are linked to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Factors like metabolic issues, infections, hypertension, and diabetes increase ESRD risk in stone formers.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Public Health
Background:
- Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- While low, the incidence of nephrolithiasis leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is significant.
- Metabolic and infection stones are primary contributors to ESRD in stone formers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current data on nephrolithiasis-associated ESRD.
- To enhance awareness of the link between kidney stones and ESRD.
- To highlight risk factors and diagnostic challenges.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on kidney stones and ESRD.
- Analysis of risk factors influencing ESRD development in stone formers.
- Examination of retrospective and single-center study limitations.
Main Results:
- A graded association exists between kidney stone episodes and CKD.
- Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, gout, and recurrent UTIs elevate ESRD risk in stone formers.
- Women over 50 with recurrent renal colic show a higher ESRD risk.
Conclusions:
- Nephrolithiasis poses an unavoidable risk for ESRD.
- Further research with consistent patient surveillance is needed to clarify the association and diagnostic dilemmas.
- Increased awareness of nephrolithiasis-associated ESRD is crucial.
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