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Updated: May 11, 2026

Quantifying Levels of Dopaminergic Neuron Morphological Alteration and Degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Inquiry into terminal decline: five objectives for future study.

Denis Gerstorf1, Nilam Ram

  • 1Address correspondence to Denis Gerstorf, Institute of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

The Gerontologist
|May 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Terminal decline in late life is linked to pathology, not just age. More research is needed on how changes across different life domains interact and what factors influence these declines.

Keywords:
DevelopmentLongitudinalMortalityWell-being

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Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Terminal decline theories suggest late-life changes are driven by pathology and mortality, not solely chronological age.
  • Longitudinal research rationales provide a framework for studying terminal decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To organize and review existing research on terminal decline using longitudinal research rationales.
  • To identify gaps in understanding the interrelations, mechanisms, and contributing factors of terminal decline.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Baltes and Nesselroade's (1979) rationales for longitudinal research to structure the review.
  • Synthesized findings on descriptions of terminal decline across various domains and interindividual differences.

Main Results:

  • Established descriptions of terminal decline exist across multiple domains.
  • Significant interindividual differences are observed in function levels, change rates, and timing of terminal decline.

Conclusions:

  • Current research robustly describes terminal decline and interindividual differences.
  • Further investigation is required into the interrelations between domains, underlying mechanisms, and factors influencing individual differences in terminal decline.
  • Novel study designs and analytical models are necessary to understand the complex interrelations contributing to or protecting against terminal decline.