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T cell receptor phenotypes in autoimmune thyroid disease.

W P Teng1, S B Cohen, D N Posnett

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge Clinical School, Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied T cell receptor expression in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thyroid lymphocytes showed an excess of gamma delta T cells, suggesting a role in autoimmune thyroid disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are autoimmune disorders affecting the thyroid gland.
  • T cells play a crucial role in the immune response and are implicated in autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate T cell receptor (TCR) expression in lymphocytes from patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
  • To determine if specific TCRs are abnormally distributed in the thyroid and peripheral blood of these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T cell receptor beta chain variable regions and gamma chain expression using monoclonal antibodies.
  • Comparison of TCR expression in peripheral blood and thyroid lymphocytes.

Main Results:

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  • No abnormal distribution of beta chain T cell receptors was observed in thyroid or blood lymphocytes.
  • An excess of gamma chain-bearing T cells was found in thyroid lymphocytes compared to peripheral blood in most patients.
  • Gamma chain-positive T cells in the blood of untreated Graves' patients remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • The T cell response in autoimmune thyroid disease appears to be polyclonal.
  • T cells expressing the gamma delta T cell receptor may have a role, potentially in cytotoxicity, within the thyroid in thyroiditis.