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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

The Functions of the Skeletal System

The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Aging mechanisms in bone.

Maria Almeida1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Bonekey Reports
|May 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Aging bone loses mass and strength due to increased cell death and oxidative stress. Key signaling pathways like p53/p66shc and FoxO influence bone health by affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell survival.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Bone Biology
  • Cellular Aging

Background:

  • Advancing age is associated with significant bone loss, decreased skeletal strength, and altered cellularity.
  • Osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis increase, while osteoblast numbers decline in aging bone.
  • Oxidative stress, a hallmark of aging, also elevates in bone tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of aging on bone and its cellular components.
  • To emphasize the specific role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in age-related bone changes.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms influencing bone health during aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on aging, bone biology, and oxidative stress.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways impacting osteoblast function and survival.

More Related Videos

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
06:59

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
06:59

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

  • Focus on the roles of FoxOs, sirtuins, and the p53/p66shc cascade.

    • Main Results:

    • Aging bone exhibits increased oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.
    • The p53/p66shc signaling pathway promotes osteoblast apoptosis and reduces bone mass.
    • FoxO activation protects against oxidative stress but can inhibit osteoblastogenesis by interacting with β-catenin.

    Conclusions:

    • Age-related osteoporosis is influenced by pathways regulating longevity and aging.
    • ROS-dependent and -independent mechanisms involving FoxOs, sirtuins, and p53/p66shc significantly impact bone remodeling.
    • Understanding these pathways is crucial for developing interventions against age-related bone loss.