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Updated: May 11, 2026

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Published on: March 29, 2016
Fundamental vibration of molecular hydrogen
G D Dickenson1, M L Niu, E J Salumbides
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, VU University, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
The fundamental ground tone vibration of H(2), HD, and D(2) is determined to an accuracy of 2×10(-4) cm(-1) from Doppler-free laser spectroscopy in the collisionless environment of a molecular beam. This rotationless vibrational splitting is derived from the combination difference between electronic excitation from the X(1)Σ(g)(+), v=0, and v=1 levels to a common EF(1)Σ(g)(+), v=0 level. Agreement within 1σ between the experimental result and a full ab initio calculation provides a stringent test of quantum electrodynamics in a chemically bound system.
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