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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
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Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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Stereoisomerism

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Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

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Chiral phase transition in charge ordered 1T-TiSe2.

John-Paul Castellan1, Stephan Rosenkranz, Ray Osborn

  • 1Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers found a new phase transition in titanium diselenide (1T-TiSe2) that explains its unexpected chiral properties. This discovery confirms a theoretical model predicting a sequence of charge-ordered phases.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • The low-temperature phase of 1T-TiSe2 exhibits unexpected chiral character.
  • This chirality in a system with a scalar order parameter suggests complex symmetry breaking.
  • A theoretical model proposes relative phase shifts between charge density wave components break inversion symmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally verify the predicted sequence of phase transitions in 1T-TiSe2.
  • To provide evidence for the emergence of chiral charge order from a nonchiral state.
  • To investigate the hierarchy of charge-ordered phases in 1T-TiSe2.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray diffraction measurements.
  • Specific heat measurements.
  • Electrical transport measurements.

Main Results:

  • Experimental evidence confirms a novel phase transition approximately 7 K below the main charge ordering transition.
  • The observed sequence of transitions aligns with the theoretical prediction: disorder -> nonchiral order -> chiral order.
  • This supports the model where relative phase shifts induce chirality by breaking inversion symmetry.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the existence of a predicted hierarchy of charge-ordered phases in 1T-TiSe2.
  • Experimental results validate the theoretical explanation for chirality arising from broken inversion symmetry.
  • The findings offer new insights into the complex electronic phases of transition metal dichalcogenides.