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Related Concept Videos

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State01:21

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Disorder of Water Balance01:29

Disorder of Water Balance

Water balance disorders are medical conditions that occur when there is a deviation from the body's water volume or osmolarity, disrupting normal homeostasis and leading todehydration, hypotonic hydration, hyperhydration, edema, or water intoxication.
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology

Normally, water balance is maintained through three interconnected mechanisms: the hypothalamic thirst center, the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), and the kidneys' responsiveness to this hormone. ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary, and acts on the distal nephron, allowing water reabsorption and concentrated urine production.Diabetes Insipidus and Its TypesIn diabetes insipidus (DI), this regulatory system is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
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Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

Severe hyponatremia associated with pre-eclampsia.

Carlos R Camara-Lemarroy1, Alejandro de Leon-Cruz, Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez

  • 1Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. crcamara83@hotmail.com

Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pre-eclampsia associated hyponatremia is a rare condition presenting diagnostic challenges. Prompt fluid restriction post-delivery effectively resolved severe hyponatremia in a hypervolemic patient.

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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Pre-eclampsia associated hyponatremia is a rare condition with potential for severe maternal and fetal complications.
  • It presents a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians.
  • Understanding the underlying pathophysiology is crucial for effective management.

Observation:

  • A 25-year-old pregnant female at 25.3 weeks gestation presented with edema, hypertension, and proteinuria.
  • She exhibited severe hyponatremia (113 mEq/L), classified as hypervolemic.
  • Symptoms resolved within 72 hours postpartum following fluid restriction.

Findings:

  • The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia associated hyponatremia is not fully understood.
  • A proposed mechanism involves non-osmotic vasopressin release in a hypervolemic state with low effective circulating plasma volume.
  • Advanced maternal age and nephrotic range proteinuria are potential, though unconfirmed, risk factors.

Implications:

  • Fluid restriction is a recommended treatment for this condition, leading to favorable maternal outcomes.
  • While a rare indication for urgent delivery, neonatal outcomes can be variable.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis and risk factors is warranted to improve patient care.