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Lineage Commitment

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the process whereby stem cells:

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

New balance in pluripotency: reprogramming with lineage specifiers.

Uri Ben-David¹, Jonathan Nissenbaum, Nissim Benvenisty

¹Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

|May 28, 2013

Summary

Reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state can be achieved using lineage specifiers. This approach supports the idea that pluripotency involves balancing opposing differentiation signals.

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Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

Area of Science:

Cell biology
Developmental biology
Stem cell research

Background:

Somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is typically achieved using combinations of transcription factors.
These transcription factors are part of the core circuitry that maintains pluripotency.
The precise mechanisms governing the stability and maintenance of the pluripotent state are still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of using lineage specifiers for somatic cell reprogramming.
To explore the role of lineage specifiers in the context of pluripotency.
To provide further evidence for the model of pluripotency as a dynamic balance.

Main Methods:

Utilized lineage specifiers in the reprogramming process.
Analyzed the resulting reprogrammed cells for pluripotency markers.
Compared reprogramming efficiency and characteristics with traditional transcription factor-based methods.

Main Results:

Successful induction of pluripotency in somatic cells using lineage specifiers.
Demonstrated that lineage specifiers can drive reprogramming.
Findings suggest that lineage specifiers influence the balance of differentiation forces.

Conclusions:

Lineage specifiers are effective tools for inducing pluripotency in somatic cells.
The pluripotent state is maintained by a delicate equilibrium between differentiation pathways.
This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles governing cell fate and reprogramming.