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Related Concept Videos

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
03:34

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

Transitions for regulating early transcription.

Margaux Michel1, Patrick Cramer

  • 1Gene Center Munich and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.

Cell
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression regulation involves RNA polymerase II (PolII) transcription. Kouzine et al. reveal DNA melting control as a key rate-limiting step for mRNA elongation, impacting gene regulation.

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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene expression is primarily controlled during the initiation phase of RNA polymerase II (PolII) transcription.
  • Understanding the rate-limiting steps in transcription is crucial for deciphering gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of DNA melting in the rate-limiting steps of productive mRNA elongation.
  • To contextualize DNA melting control within broader energetic transitions in transcription.

Main Methods:

  • The study by Kouzine et al. likely employed biochemical and biophysical techniques to assess DNA melting dynamics during transcription.
  • Analysis of energetic transitions involved in RNA polymerase II transcription.

Main Results:

  • Control of DNA melting is identified as a critical rate-limiting step for productive mRNA elongation.
  • This finding highlights a key regulatory checkpoint in the transcription process.

Conclusions:

  • DNA melting dynamics play a pivotal role in regulating the efficiency of mRNA production.
  • These findings provide new insights into the energetic landscape of transcription initiation and elongation.