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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

An Improved Protocol to Purify and Directly Mono-Biotinylate Recombinant BDNF in a Tube for Cellular Trafficking Studies in Neurons
13:46

An Improved Protocol to Purify and Directly Mono-Biotinylate Recombinant BDNF in a Tube for Cellular Trafficking Studies in Neurons

Published on: July 11, 2020

Transcript specificity in BDNF-regulated protein synthesis.

Claudia R Ruiz1, Jay Shi, Mollie K Meffert

  • 1Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Neuropharmacology
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) selectively enhances protein synthesis for specific mRNAs, crucial for neuronal growth and plasticity. Understanding this transcript specificity is key to BDNF

Keywords:
BDNFLet-7Lin28Post-transcriptional regulatorsProtein synthesisRNA-binding proteinsSynaptic plasticitymicroRNAs

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

An Improved Protocol to Purify and Directly Mono-Biotinylate Recombinant BDNF in a Tube for Cellular Trafficking Studies in Neurons
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Isolation and Quantification of Axonal mRNAs Using Porous Membrane Inserts and RTddPCR
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Isolation and Quantification of Axonal mRNAs Using Porous Membrane Inserts and RTddPCR

Published on: February 6, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates gene expression, impacting transcription and translation.
  • BDNF-dependent functions like dendrite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity rely on protein synthesis regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms underlying BDNF's selective upregulation of specific mRNA translation.
  • To highlight the importance of transcript specificity in BDNF's trophic functions.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing evidence on BDNF's regulation of protein synthesis.
  • Focuses on studies investigating transcript-specific translation control by BDNF.

Main Results:

  • BDNF selectively enhances the translation of a small subset of mRNAs, not total protein synthesis.
  • This transcript specificity is a key feature of BDNF's action in neurons.

Conclusions:

  • The selective translation of specific mRNAs by BDNF is critical for neuronal growth and plasticity.
  • Further research into these mechanisms will elucidate BDNF's full trophic potential.