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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the combat experiences scale.

Wendy M Guyker¹, Kerry Donnelly, James P Donnelly

¹Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 409 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.

Military Medicine

|May 28, 2013

Summary

The Combat Experiences Scale (CES) effectively measures combat exposure in veterans, correlating with PTSD, depression, and anxiety. This validated tool aids in understanding deployment experiences for better postcombat care.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Psychological assessment
Military psychology
Trauma studies

Background:

Limited research exists on measuring combat exposure during wartime deployments.
Accurate measurement is crucial for understanding combat experiences and informing postcombat treatment and recovery.
New combat forms and psychological sequelae necessitate refined assessment tools.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the internal and external validity of the Combat Experiences Scale (CES).
To provide psychometric data for the CES, a 33-item measure of deployment-related experiences.

Main Methods:

Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the scale's structure.
Data were collected from 500 veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts.
Internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were assessed.

Main Results:

Factor analysis identified three key factors: Exposure to Combat Environment, Physical Engagement, and Proximity to Serious Injury and Death.
The CES demonstrated adequate internal consistency.
Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was found.

Conclusions:

The CES is a psychometrically sound measure for assessing combat exposure.
Deployment-related experiences measured by the CES are highly correlated with probable post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety.
Broad assessment of deployment experiences is vital for veteran mental health care.