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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Analyzing the Effects of Stromal Cells on the Recruitment of Leukocytes from Flow
11:30

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Published on: January 7, 2015

A flow sensing model for mesenchymal stromal cells using morphogen dynamics.

Michael Gortchacow1, Alexandre Terrier, Dominique P Pioletti

  • 1Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Biophysical Journal
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell differentiation is influenced by fluid flow parameters. We propose that the balance between morphogen diffusion and advection explains how cells sense their environment, impacting differentiation.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) differentiation is sensitive to physical cues like fluid flow, morphogens, and shear stress.
  • The precise mechanisms by which cells perceive and respond to these environmental factors, particularly in flow chambers, remain unclear.
  • Interpreting the combined effects of various parameters in flow-based cell culture experiments is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that the interplay between diffusion and advection of paracrine morphogens governs MSC differentiation.
  • To elucidate the role of morphogen transport dynamics in cell environmental sensing.
  • To provide a mechanistic explanation for parameter dependencies in flow-induced cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a numerical model simulating advection-diffusion-reaction of secreted morphogens in a flow chamber.
  • Mathematical analysis of morphogen transport dynamics under varying flow conditions.
  • Identification of a novel dimensionless number characterizing the transition in morphogen receptor binding.

Main Results:

  • The model predicted a critical transition point in the fraction of morphogen receptors bound.
  • A new dimensionless number was identified, integrating flow rate, medium viscosity, chamber geometry, and morphogen decay.
  • This number effectively characterizes the competition between morphogen diffusion and advection.

Conclusions:

  • The competition between diffusion and advection of paracrine morphogens is a key factor influencing cell differentiation.
  • This transport mechanism acts as a cellular probe, enabling cells to sense their pericellular environment.
  • The findings offer a new perspective on mechanotransduction and cell signaling in fluidic environments.