Two DNA nanomachines map pH changes along intersecting endocytic pathways inside the same cell.

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Cell Biology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• DNA nanotechnology offers versatile molecular sensing capabilities within living cells.
• Simultaneous deployment of distinct DNA nanodevices in a single cell presents a significant technical hurdle.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate the simultaneous application of two different DNA nanomachines within the same living cell.
• To map pH gradients along intersecting cellular entry pathways using these nanomachines.
• To probe the real-time pH dynamics of specific organelles like early endosomes and the trans-Golgi network.

Main Methods:

• Development of two distinct DNA nanomachines engineered for specific cellular entry pathways.
• Simultaneous or sequential delivery of nanomachines into living cells.
• Localization and pH sensing of nanomachines within targeted subcellular compartments.

Main Results:

• Two distinct DNA nanomachines were successfully used simultaneously in living cells.
• Nanomachines accurately mapped pH gradients along separate cellular entry routes.
• Independent and precise pH measurements of early endosomes and the trans-Golgi network were achieved in real time.

Conclusions:

• The simultaneous use of multiple DNA nanodevices in living cells is feasible.
• This approach allows for detailed mapping of subcellular pH environments.
• The findings have broad implications for cellular sensing, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies.