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Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

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Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Antiphasic 40 Hz oscillatory current stimulation affects bistable motion perception.

Daniel Strüber1, Stefan Rach, Sina A Trautmann-Lengsfeld

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.

Brain Topography
|May 28, 2013
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Summary

Gamma band oscillations (30-80 Hz) may underlie perceptual switches. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 40 Hz disrupted interhemispheric gamma synchronization, biasing conscious perception of ambiguous motion stimuli.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Perception

Background:

  • Conscious perception spontaneously alternates between interpretations of ambiguous stimuli.
  • Gamma band oscillations (30-80 Hz) are hypothesized to mediate these perceptual switches.
  • Previous human electroencephalography (EEG) studies show correlations between gamma band activity and ambiguous perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a causal role of gamma band oscillations in perceptual switches.
  • To investigate the effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on bistable apparent motion perception.
  • To examine the impact of tACS on interhemispheric functional coupling during ambiguous perception.

Main Methods:

  • Applied 40 Hz tACS over occipital-parietal areas during presentation of bistable apparent motion stimuli.
  • Measured changes in the duration of perceived horizontal and vertical motion.
  • Assessed interhemispheric EEG coherence during stimulation.

Main Results:

  • 40 Hz tACS, applied anti-phase between hemispheres, decreased the proportion of perceived horizontal motion.
  • This behavioral change was accompanied by an increase in interhemispheric gamma band coherence.
  • A control experiment using 6 Hz tACS showed no significant effects on behavior or coherence.
  • In-phase 40 Hz tACS did not yield the same results as anti-phase stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • Externally desynchronizing gamma oscillations between hemispheres impairs interhemispheric motion integration.
  • This disruption biases conscious experience of bistable apparent motion.
  • Gamma band oscillations play a causal role in mediating conscious perception of ambiguous stimuli.