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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors
12:27

A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors

Published on: June 8, 2022

Fingolimod therapy for multiple sclerosis.

Mary A Willis1, Jeffrey A Cohen

  • 1Neurological Institute, The Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. cohenj@ccf.org

Seminars in Neurology
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fingolimod effectively treats relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) by modulating sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, reducing relapses and disability. While concerns exist, it

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors
12:27

A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors

Published on: June 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Fingolimod is an oral medication approved for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Its mechanism involves sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulation, affecting lymphocyte trafficking and potentially central nervous system functions.
  • Concerns regarding cardiac effects, infections, and macular edema have influenced its clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fingolimod in treating relapsing-remitting MS.
  • To review clinical trial and postmarketing data on fingolimod's therapeutic benefits and adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical trial data demonstrating fingolimod's impact on MS relapses, disability progression, MRI activity, and brain volume loss.
  • Review of postmarketing surveillance data and additional clinical trials assessing long-term safety and tolerability.

Main Results:

  • Clinical trials confirmed fingolimod's efficacy in reducing relapses, slowing disability progression, and decreasing MRI activity and brain volume loss.
  • Postmarketing data suggest fingolimod is safe and effective when patients are appropriately selected and monitored, despite initial concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Fingolimod is a valuable oral treatment option for relapsing-remitting MS, offering significant clinical benefits.
  • Careful patient selection and monitoring are crucial for managing potential adverse effects and ensuring optimal outcomes with fingolimod therapy.