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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
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Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction

Published on: April 1, 2017

Nanodiamond graphitization: a magnetic resonance study.

A M Panich1, A I Shames, N A Sergeev

  • 1Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel. pan@bgu.ac.il

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to track nanodiamonds transforming into carbon onions at high temperatures. Researchers observed surface modification and graphitization, with full conversion occurring at 1800°C.

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Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma
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Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma

Published on: February 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanodiamonds are carbon nanoparticles with unique properties.
  • High-temperature transformations can alter nanodiamond structure, leading to carbon onions.
  • Understanding this transformation is key for advanced carbon materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nanodiamond-to-carbon onion transformation using spectroscopic methods.
  • To quantitatively analyze structural changes during high-temperature annealing.
  • To correlate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy to analyze structural changes.
  • Employed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to study surface modifications.
  • Annealed nanodiamond samples at various temperatures (600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 1800°C).

Main Results:

  • NMR data revealed early-stage surface modification and increasing sp(2) carbon content with temperature (600-800°C).
  • EPR data showed graphitization of external layers, evidenced by changes in dangling bond line width.
  • Complete conversion of nanodiamonds to carbon onions was observed at 1800°C.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first quantitative NMR and EPR data on the nanodiamond-to-carbon onion transformation.
  • High-temperature annealing induces surface modification and graphitization, preceding full conversion to carbon onions.
  • NMR and EPR are effective tools for monitoring structural evolution in carbon nanomaterials.