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Related Concept Videos

Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V) valves at the...
The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and empty blood into the...
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with bradycardia...
Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
10:08

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

Published on: February 17, 2018

Heart stopping tick.

Paras Karmacharya1, Madan Raj Aryal

  • 1Paras Karmacharya, Madan Raj Aryal, Department of Medicine, Reading Health System, West Reading, PA 19611, United States.

World Journal of Cardiology
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lyme carditis can rarely be the initial symptom of Lyme disease, causing complete heart block. Prompt antibiotic treatment led to a full recovery, avoiding the need for a permanent pacemaker.

Keywords:
AntibioticBorrelia burgdorferiDisseminated lymeHeart blockLyme carditisPacemakerTick bite

More Related Videos

Murine Isolated Heart Model of Myocardial Stunning Associated with Cardioplegic Arrest
08:30

Murine Isolated Heart Model of Myocardial Stunning Associated with Cardioplegic Arrest

Published on: August 6, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
10:08

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

Published on: February 17, 2018

Murine Isolated Heart Model of Myocardial Stunning Associated with Cardioplegic Arrest
08:30

Murine Isolated Heart Model of Myocardial Stunning Associated with Cardioplegic Arrest

Published on: August 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Lyme carditis is an uncommon cardiac manifestation of Lyme disease, typically occurring 4-6 weeks post-exposure.
  • Complete atrioventricular (AV) block is a rare but serious complication of Lyme carditis.
  • Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term cardiac sequelae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of complete AV block as the initial presentation of Lyme disease in a young male.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering Lyme carditis in the differential diagnosis of new-onset complete AV block.
  • To highlight the efficacy of timely antibiotic therapy in achieving complete recovery and preventing pacemaker insertion.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 17-year-old male presenting with chest discomfort.
  • Diagnostic workup including evaluation for infectious etiologies.
  • Treatment with empiric intravenous ceftriaxone for suspected Lyme disease.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with chest discomfort and was diagnosed with complete AV block.
  • Lyme carditis was identified as the cause of the complete AV block.
  • The patient experienced an uneventful recovery after treatment with ceftriaxone.

Conclusions:

  • Complete AV block can be the sole presenting sign of disseminated Lyme disease.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of Lyme carditis with antibiotics can reverse complete AV block.
  • Considering Lyme disease in the differential diagnosis for complete AV block can prevent unnecessary permanent pacemaker implantation.