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Related Concept Videos

Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise
05:25

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise

Published on: March 29, 2019

Blind and confused.

Vibhash D Sharma1, Patrick Malafronte, Nicole De Simone

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9036, USA.

JAMA Neurology
|May 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 62-year-old man experienced confusion and vision loss due to encephalitis. Autopsy revealed brain lesions, highlighting the importance of identifying the cause of encephalitis and its neurological complications.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise
05:25

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09:29

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Encephalitis can cause significant neurological deficits.
  • Identifying the etiology of encephalitis is crucial for effective treatment.

Observation:

  • A 62-year-old man presented with confusion, diagnosed as encephalitis of unknown cause.
  • He later developed sudden bilateral vision loss and cognitive decline.
  • Brain MRI showed multiple lesions, and he had no light perception.

Findings:

  • Despite treatment with steroids and plasmapheresis, vision showed only mild improvement.
  • The patient's condition worsened, leading to death.
  • Autopsy was performed to determine the neuropathology and final diagnosis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the severe and potentially fatal neurological complications of encephalitis.
  • Further research is needed to identify novel causes and treatments for encephalitis.
  • Understanding the neuropathological basis of such cases is vital for advancing neurological care.