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Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...

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Related Experiment Video

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In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior
07:52

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Published on: November 22, 2021

Node accessibility in cortical networks during motor tasks.

Mario Chavez1, Fabrizio De Vico Fallani, Miguel Valencia

  • 1CNRS UMR-7225, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France. mario.chavez@upmc.fr

Neuroinformatics
|May 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain network connectivity changes during voluntary finger movements were analyzed. Specific cortical areas became less accessible during movement preparation and execution, indicating altered network organization.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Voluntary self-paced movements involve coordinated oscillatory activity across distributed brain regions.
  • Understanding the network dynamics underlying movement control is crucial for neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in cortical network connectivity during the preparation and execution of voluntary finger extension movements.
  • To identify specific topological alterations in brain networks associated with motor control.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalographic (EEG) source imaging was employed to estimate cortical oscillatory activity.
  • Network theory, specifically topological accessibility, was applied to analyze changes in cortical network connectivity.
  • Movement-related changes were assessed by comparing network properties during movement to baseline activity.

Main Results:

  • Analysis revealed specific agglomerates of cortical sources that exhibited decreased accessibility during finger movement preparation and execution.
  • These topological changes in network accessibility were distinct from alterations in network geodesics, multiple paths, or power spectra of cortical oscillations.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical network organization undergoes specific topological changes during voluntary movement preparation and execution.
  • Decreased accessibility of certain cortical areas suggests a dynamic reconfiguration of brain networks for motor control.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the neural basis of voluntary movement and motor disorders.