Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to the...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Mass Transport during Evaporation for the Binary System of <i>n</i>-Dodecane and Nitrogen.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Ion-specific symmetry-breaking at nanoconfined water-hydrocarbon interfaces.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

Dynamic airways drive aerosol deposition in the human lung.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Its Role in Neurocognitive Functions.

Current reviews in clinical and experimental pharmacology·2026
Same author

Capillarity in swelling porous media emerges from the local heterogeneities.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

Endocrine-metabolic regulation during the transition period in dairy cows: mechanisms, biomarkers, and emerging diagnostics for subclinical ketosis.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
08:41

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

Ionic size dependent electroosmosis in ion-selective microchannels and nanochannels.

Aditya Bandopadhyay1, Suman Chakraborty

  • 1Advanced Technology Development Center, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.

Electrophoresis
|May 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Electrokinetics in salt-free media is key for technologies like nanopores. Our theory shows electroosmotic mobility increases with surface charge and ion size, impacting microfluidic and nanofluidic devices.

Keywords:
Counterion-onlyElectroosmosisIon selectiveIonic size

More Related Videos

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
08:06

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Published on: February 23, 2017

Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue
11:08

Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue

Published on: September 5, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
08:41

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
08:06

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Published on: February 23, 2017

Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue
11:08

Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue

Published on: September 5, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Electrokinetics in salt-free media is crucial for advanced technologies such as ion-selective nanopores and electronic paper.
  • Understanding electroosmotic transport in these systems is vital for optimizing their performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an analytical theory describing the size dependence of electroosmosis in salt-free media.
  • To investigate the interplay between ionic sizes, confinement dimensions, and counterion concentration on electroosmotic transport.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical theory development.
  • Analysis of electroosmotic transport mechanisms.
  • Investigation of steric factor effects on mobility.

Main Results:

  • Electroosmotic mobility is shown to increase with surface charge density.
  • Mobility also increases with the ionic size factor (steric factor).
  • The theory highlights the interdependence of transport mechanisms, ionic sizes, and confinement.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theory provides insights into electrokinetics in salt-free systems.
  • Findings have significant implications for the design and application of microfluidic and nanofluidic devices.
  • Understanding these size-dependent effects is critical for technological advancements.