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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery

Published on: August 12, 2021

Field of view comparison between two-dimensional and three-dimensional endoscopy.

Jamie J Van Gompel¹, Mark H Tabor, A Samy Youssef

¹Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A.

The Laryngoscope

|May 29, 2013

Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) endoscopy significantly restricts the field of view by 52% compared to high-definition two-dimensional (2D) endoscopy. Surgeons using 3D systems should be aware of this visual limitation during procedures.

Keywords:

Endoscopic skull base endoscope

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Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality

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Published on: April 5, 2024

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery

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Published on: August 12, 2021

Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality

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Published on: April 5, 2024

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Surgical Technology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Endoscopic surgery offers improved visualization over traditional methods.
High-definition (HD) and three-dimensional (3D) endoscopy represent advancements in visualization technology.
The impact of 3D endoscopy on the field of view (FOV) compared to 2D HD systems requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the field of view (FOV) of 3D endoscopy with that of 2D HD endoscopy.
To test the hypothesis that 3D endoscopy has a restricted FOV relative to 2D HD endoscopy.

Main Methods:

Laboratory measurements of FOV were conducted at 6-cm and 2-cm working distances using Storz 0° 2D HD and Visionsense 3D endoscopes.
Relative FOV measurements were performed to quantify differences.
Five clinical patients were included to validate laboratory findings and observe real-world FOV changes.

Main Results:

Laboratory testing revealed a 52% loss in FOV with 3D endoscopy compared to 2D HD endoscopy.
Clinical observations confirmed this finding, showing a relative FOV reduction of 55% ± 3% in patients.

Conclusions:

Current commercial 3D endoscopy systems exhibit a significant FOV restriction (52%) relative to HD 2D endoscopy.
Surgeons utilizing 3D endoscopy must be cognizant of this reduced visual field to ensure optimal surgical practice.