Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stress: General Loading Conditions

Stress: General Loading Conditions

To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes.

Distributed Loads

Distributed Loads

Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
For example, consider a bookshelf filled with books stacked vertically adjacent to each other. The weight of the books is evenly distributed over the length of the shelf. As a result, the pressure at different locations on the surface of the...

Introduction to z Scores

Introduction to z Scores

A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores help...

Introduction to z Scores

Introduction to z Scores

A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores help...

Impact Loading

Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...

Types of Functions III

Types of Functions III

Logarithmic and piecewise functions play central roles in mathematical modeling, particularly when capturing nonlinear or segmented behaviors in real-world phenomena. Although these functions differ fundamentally in structure and application, both serve to represent complex relationships in simplified mathematical terms.A logarithmic function is defined as the inverse of an exponential function, expressed as These functions grow quickly for small values of x but slow down as x increases,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mydriasis Stability During Cataract Surgery in Patients with Systemic Comorbidities Using a Standardised Combination of Intracameral Mydriatics and Anaesthetic.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Phosphor Screens Color Preferences Depending on Night Vision Experience and Luminance Level.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2024

Same author

Aggressive and Autoaggressive Behaviors in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Correlation with Middle Cerebral Artery Flow Velocity.

Journal of personalized medicine·2024

Same author

Numerosity comparison, cognitive strategies, and general cognitive functioning in older people.

Frontiers in psychology·2024

Same author

The role of visual conditions and aircraft type on different aspects of pilot workload.

Applied ergonomics·2024

Same author

Impact of tick-borne pathogens on the health risk of soldiers.

Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

+Gz load and executive functions.

Marcin P Biernacki¹, Adam Tarnowski, Kamila Lengsfeld

¹Department of Aviation Psychology, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Krasinskiego 54, Warsaw 01-755, Poland. mpbiernacki@gmail.com

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine

|May 30, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High G-force exposure in pilots enhances attention switching but impairs visuospatial memory. This study reveals the complex effects of G-load on pilot cognitive functions, impacting situational awareness.

More Related Videos

gP2S, an Information Management System for CryoEM Experiments

gP2S, an Information Management System for CryoEM Experiments

Published on: June 10, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

gP2S, an Information Management System for CryoEM Experiments

gP2S, an Information Management System for CryoEM Experiments

Published on: June 10, 2021

Area of Science:

Aviation Medicine
Cognitive Neuroscience
Human Factors Engineering

Background:

Pilots face environmental stressors, including high G-force (+Gz) load.
While physiological effects of +Gz are known, its impact on pilot executive functions remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of +Gz stimulation on executive functions in pilot cadets.
To determine how G-load affects specific cognitive domains such as attention and visuospatial memory.

Main Methods:

20 pilot cadets (19-22 years) participated, divided into a G-load centrifuge group and a control group.
Executive functions were assessed using Schulte tables and the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test.

Main Results:

+Gz exposure significantly improved attention switching speed and reduced errors.
Visuospatial memory, assessed by figure reproduction from memory, significantly deteriorated after +Gz exposure.

Conclusions:

The effects of +Gz load on pilot cognition are not uniform, enhancing attention while diminishing visuospatial working memory.
Understanding these differential effects is crucial for maintaining situational awareness in flight operations.