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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

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Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade
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Published on: August 14, 2019

Improving flavonoid extraction from Ginkgo biloba leaves by prefermentation processing.

Jiahong Wang1, Fuliang Cao, Erzheng Su

  • 1College of Forest Resources and Environment, ‡College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, and #College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forest University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|May 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Fungal prefermentation significantly boosts flavonoid extraction from Ginkgo biloba leaves. This method achieved a 70% increase in total flavonoid yield using an optimized fungal strain and fermentation conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Pharmacognosy
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Ginkgo biloba leaves are a rich source of flavonoids with various health benefits.
  • Traditional extraction methods for Ginkgo biloba flavonoids can be inefficient.
  • Microbial pre-treatment offers a promising strategy to enhance phytochemical yields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a fungal prefermentation method for improving flavonoid extraction from Ginkgo biloba leaves.
  • To screen and identify effective fungal strains for this process.
  • To determine optimal fermentation parameters for maximizing flavonoid yield.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and molecular identification (18S rDNA) of fungi from soil near an ancient Ginkgo biloba tree.
  • Screening of fungal isolates for their ability to grow on Ginkgo biloba leaf medium.
  • Selection of a high-performing fungal strain (Gyx086) for prefermentation.
  • Optimization of fermentation factors (temperature, moisture, time) using response surface methodology.

Main Results:

  • Seventy-six fungal strains from 23 genera were identified.
  • One strain, Gyx086, demonstrated superior performance in enhancing flavonoid extraction.
  • Optimal fermentation conditions were determined as 27.8 °C, 64.2% moisture, and 61 hours.
  • A 70% increase in total flavonoid yield (27.59 ± 0.52 mg/g) was achieved compared to unfermented samples.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal prefermentation is an effective strategy to enhance flavonoid extraction from Ginkgo biloba.
  • Strain Gyx086 and optimized fermentation conditions significantly improve extraction efficiency.
  • This method offers a potential biotechnological advancement for Ginkgo biloba-derived products.