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Updated: May 11, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
Published on: March 27, 2012
Ocular manifestations of autism in ophthalmology
Kelsey Black1, Cheryl McCarus, Mary Louise Z Collins
1Department of Ophthalmology, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
Purpose:
To highlight the ocular manifestations of autism spectrum disorders in a retrospective chart review of the Greater Baltimore Medical Center (GBMC) among children in the pediatric ophthalmology practice setting.
Design:
Retrospective chart review. Forty-four patients diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) between January 2007 and October 2011 were examined by an orthoptist, orthoptic student, and a pediatric ophthalmologist.
Results:
Fifty-two percent of patients with ASD at GBMC were found to have an ocular abnormality, with 41% having strabismus, 27% with significant refractive error, 7% with anisometropia, and 11% with amblyopia.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of strabismus, amblyopia, and anisometropia were found to be higher among patients with ASD seen at the GBMC pediatric ophthalmology practice than in the general population.
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