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Related Concept Videos

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep01:08

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
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Deterministic nuclear reprogramming of mammalian nuclei to a totipotency-like state by Amphibian meiotic oocytes for stem cell therapy in humans.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Methods for Tattooing Xenopus laevis with a Rotary Tattoo Machine
04:18

Methods for Tattooing Xenopus laevis with a Rotary Tattoo Machine

Published on: June 28, 2024

The cloning of a frog.

J B Gurdon1

  • 1Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK. j.gurdon@gurdon.cam.ac.uk

Development (Cambridge, England)
|May 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A 1962 study demonstrated the creation of normal tadpoles using nuclei from intestinal frog cells. This groundbreaking work in developmental biology earned a Nobel Prize, highlighting the significance of nuclear transplantation.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The 1962 paper in "Development" (formerly "Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology") is notable for its foundational role in nuclear transplantation.
  • The research was conducted by a graduate student and led to a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Observation:

  • The study focused on the nuclei of intestinal epithelium cells from the frog species *Xenopus laevis*.
  • The core observation was the successful reprogramming of these differentiated somatic cell nuclei.

Findings:

  • Normal tadpoles were produced from the transplanted nuclei of intestinal epithelial cells.
  • This demonstrated the potential of somatic cell nuclei to support complete embryonic development.

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Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos
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Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Published on: March 26, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Methods for Tattooing Xenopus laevis with a Rotary Tattoo Machine
04:18

Methods for Tattooing Xenopus laevis with a Rotary Tattoo Machine

Published on: June 28, 2024

Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation for CRISPR/Cas9-based Leapfrogging in Xenopus
05:34

Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation for CRISPR/Cas9-based Leapfrogging in Xenopus

Published on: February 1, 2018

Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos
09:08

Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Published on: March 26, 2014

Implications:

  • The findings were pivotal for the field of nuclear transplantation and cloning.
  • This research laid the groundwork for subsequent advancements in developmental biology and regenerative medicine.