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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications
07:40

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Published on: June 29, 2020

Asymptomatic cryptococcemia in resource-limited settings.

Ana-Claire Meyer1, Mark Jacobson

  • 1Department of Neurology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Bldg 1, Room 101, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. anaclaire@gmail.com

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|May 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Screening for cryptococcal antigen in HIV-infected individuals identifies those at high risk for invasive cryptococcal disease. Further research is needed to guide treatment for asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia (ACA) in resource-limited settings.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications
07:40

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Published on: June 29, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • HIV/AIDS Research
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Invasive cryptococcal disease remains a significant cause of mortality in HIV-infected individuals, particularly in resource-limited areas.
  • Serum cryptococcal antigen screening identifies high-risk individuals but reveals a heterogeneous clinical presentation, including asymptomatic cases.
  • Current treatment guidelines for asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia (ACA) are lacking, leading to practice variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges and need for research in managing asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia (ACA) in HIV-infected individuals.
  • To underscore the heterogeneity of clinical presentations in individuals screened positive for cryptococcal antigen.
  • To identify critical knowledge gaps and operational challenges in implementing targeted screening and treatment interventions for ACA in resource-limited settings.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews current practices and evidence regarding serum cryptococcal antigen screening in asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals.
  • It analyzes the clinical spectrum of patients identified through screening, including those with sub-clinical meningeal infection or fungemia.
  • The research discusses the operational challenges of implementing screening and treatment programs in resource-limited healthcare systems.

Main Results:

  • Serum cryptococcal antigen screening effectively identifies HIV-infected individuals at high risk for cryptococcal meningitis and death.
  • Screen-positive individuals represent a diverse group, with many having mild or sub-clinical infections.
  • There is a significant lack of evidence-based guidance for antifungal and antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia (ACA).

Conclusions:

  • Asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia (ACA) presents a complex challenge in HIV care, requiring further investigation.
  • Effective management strategies and treatment protocols for ACA are urgently needed, especially in resource-limited settings.
  • Addressing operational challenges and knowledge gaps is crucial for successful implementation of ACA screening and treatment interventions.