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Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:12

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:13

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
Overview of Muscle Tissues01:25

Overview of Muscle Tissues

The human body has three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Each class has unique properties that enable them to perform specific functions. However, all muscle tissues share certain properties, including elasticity, contractility, and excitability. 
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of muscles to stretch and return to their original shape. This property is partly due to elastic fibers — macromolecules that run through the muscles. These fibers are firm and resilient,...
Muscles of the Thorax01:25

Muscles of the Thorax

The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
The diaphragm is at the core of thoracic musculature, the primary muscle involved in breathing. This expansive, dome-shaped muscle marks the division between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It originates...
Overview of Skeletal Muscle01:15

Overview of Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Collection of Skeletal Muscle Biopsies from the Superior Compartment of Human Musculus Tibialis Anterior for Mechanical Evaluation
05:18

Collection of Skeletal Muscle Biopsies from the Superior Compartment of Human Musculus Tibialis Anterior for Mechanical Evaluation

Published on: September 27, 2020

Gantzer muscles and their applied aspects: an exceptional finding.

Alok Saxena1, Kishore Kumar Agarwal, Vidya Parshuram

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Medical Science and Research Institute, Uttarakhand, India. alok.sxna@gmail.com

Singapore Medical Journal
|May 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a rare bilateral Gantzer muscle finding during dissection. This anatomical variation can be linked to anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.

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3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Collection of Skeletal Muscle Biopsies from the Superior Compartment of Human Musculus Tibialis Anterior for Mechanical Evaluation
05:18

Collection of Skeletal Muscle Biopsies from the Superior Compartment of Human Musculus Tibialis Anterior for Mechanical Evaluation

Published on: September 27, 2020

Obtaining Quality Extended Field-of-View Ultrasound Images of Skeletal Muscle to Measure Muscle Fascicle Length
09:57

Obtaining Quality Extended Field-of-View Ultrasound Images of Skeletal Muscle to Measure Muscle Fascicle Length

Published on: December 14, 2020

3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
08:52

3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue

Published on: November 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Clinical Anatomy
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • Anatomical variations are more prevalent in the extensor forearm compartment than the flexor compartment.
  • Anomalies often remain undetected until functional impairment or surgical complications arise.

Observation:

  • A rare case of bilateral Gantzer muscles was discovered during a routine cadaver dissection.
  • The Gantzer muscle, an anatomical variation, was observed bilaterally in the flexor forearm compartment.

Findings:

  • The study details the anatomical relationship between the Gantzer muscle and the anterior interosseous nerve.
  • Bilateral Gantzer muscles represent an uncommon anatomical variation with potential clinical significance.

Implications:

  • Understanding this anatomical variation is crucial for diagnosing and managing anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.
  • Awareness of Gantzer muscle anomalies aids surgeons in avoiding complications during forearm procedures.