Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phase III, randomized, single blind, comparative safety, and efficacy trial of intravenous iron isomaltoside (i3<sup>R</sup>) and ferric carboxy maltose in subjects with iron deficiency anaemia.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India·2026
Same author

Clinical standards for antimicrobial stewardship in TB care.

IJTLD open·2025
Same author

Preventing unnecessary referrals for incidental breast lesions detected on cross-sectional imaging: a retrospective study of the local referral pathway.

Clinical radiology·2025
Same author

Performance and nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae fed diets with various protein concentrations throughout the life cycle.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2025
Same author

Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin with or Without Insulin.

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India·2025
Same author

Using Doppler duplex ultrasound to determine hemodynamic alterations in renal vasculature: Crucial pathophysiological event preceding renal dysfunction in decompensated cirrhosis.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India·2025
Same journal

Hypothyroidism Related Kidney Disease - A Report of Two Cases.

Indian journal of nephrology·2025
Same journal

A Unique Case of Joubert Syndrome with Concurrent IgA Nephropathy and Nephronophthisis in an Adult Patient.

Indian journal of nephrology·2025
Same journal

Severe Rhabdomyolysis Due to Presumed Drug Interactions of Dapagliflozin with Rosuvastatin: A Case Report.

Indian journal of nephrology·2025
Same journal

Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin as a Marker of Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Indian journal of nephrology·2025
Same journal

Prevalence of Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles Polymorphism in North Indian Population.

Indian journal of nephrology·2025
Same journal

The Imaging Gamut of Von-Hippel-Lindau.

Indian journal of nephrology·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Emphysematous pyelonephritis: A single center study.

R Fatima1, R Jha, J Muthukrishnan

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Medwin Hospital, Hyderabad, India.

Indian Journal of Nephrology
|May 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is often managed conservatively with antibiotics. However, severe cases with high CT grades, altered sensorium, or thrombocytopenia may require aggressive surgical intervention for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Diabetesemphysematous pyelonephritisoutcome

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma.
  • Diabetes mellitus is a common comorbidity associated with EPN.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of 22 patients with EPN.
  • To identify risk factors associated with mortality in EPN patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records for 22 EPN cases (1996-2012).
  • Diagnosis confirmed by intra-renal gas on imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, CT).
  • Univariate analysis to identify mortality risk factors (P < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • Overall survival rate was 86.3% (19/22).
  • Higher CT grade, altered sensorium, and thrombocytopenia were significant risk factors for mortality.
  • Seven cases presented with acute pyelonephritis, seven with urosepsis, and eight with multi-organ dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • A conservative management approach with parenteral antibiotics is the standard of care for EPN.
  • Patients with high CT grade EPN, altered sensorium, and thrombocytopenia may benefit from aggressive surgical management.
  • Early identification of high-risk factors is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies.