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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
08:31

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Published on: July 31, 2016

Early ERPs to faces: aging, luminance, and individual differences.

Magdalena M Bieniek1, Luisa S Frei, Guillaume A Rousselet

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging slows visual processing speed by 1 ms/year, independent of luminance. This age-related delay in early event-related potentials (ERPs) to faces appears to be cortical, not optical.

Keywords:
N170agingevent related potentialsindividual differencesluminancepupil sizeretinal illuminancesenile miosis

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Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Previous research indicated a 1 ms/year delay in visual processing speed in healthy older adults.
  • The contribution of optical factors to age-related visual processing slowdown requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate the finding of age-related visual processing slowdown.
  • To investigate the role of luminance and pupil size in age-related visual processing speed.
  • To determine if age-related delays in visual processing are cortical or optical in origin.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 59 healthy subjects aged 18-79.
  • Visual stimuli (faces, noise textures) were presented under varying luminance conditions (0.59–60.8 cd/m²).
  • Experiment 2 used pinhole apertures (1–5 mm) to manipulate optical factors in young subjects.

Main Results:

  • A 1 ms/year slowdown in visual processing speed was confirmed, independent of luminance.
  • Aging effects on event-related potentials (ERPs) emerged around 125 ms post-stimulus.
  • Luminance modulated ERPs from 60–500 ms, peaking at the N170, independent of age.
  • Pupil size and pinhole manipulation did not explain age-related processing speed differences.

Conclusions:

  • Early ERPs to faces (<200 ms) are delayed by aging, suggesting a cortical origin.
  • Late ERPs to faces are influenced by low-level factors like luminance.
  • Optical factors do not account for the observed age-related visual processing slowdown.