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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Published on: September 18, 2020

Learning an intermittent control strategy for postural balancing using an EMG-based human-computer interface.

Yoshiyuki Asai¹, Shota Tateyama, Taishin Nomura

¹Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.

|May 30, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Most people do not use impedance control for balancing. Instead, they learn an efficient intermittent control strategy by timing muscle relaxations to stabilize dynamics.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Biomechanics

Background:

The brain is thought to stabilize body dynamics via antagonist muscle co-activation (impedance control).
This theory has been challenged in tasks involving instability and sensorimotor delays.

Purpose of the Study:

To reexamine impedance control theory in a postural balancing task.
To investigate motor learning strategies in a frustrated sensorimotor environment.

Main Methods:

A novel EMG-based human-computer interface was used.
Subjects balanced a virtual inverted pendulum actuated by ankle muscle activations.
The task incorporated significant feedback time delay to induce instability.

Main Results:

One-third of subjects adopted an impedance-like control strategy.
The majority (two-thirds) developed an efficient intermittent control strategy.
This involved simultaneous inactivation of antagonist muscles at optimal timings, creating unactuated periods.

Conclusions:

The majority of subjects did not rely on impedance control.
An efficient intermittent control strategy was learned, utilizing unstable equilibrium points.
This challenges the universal applicability of impedance control for postural stability.