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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum
10:19

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Published on: November 23, 2013

[Anti-neuronal antibodies: a rapidly developing field].

A Zekeridou1, A O Rossetti, A F Hottinger

  • 1Unité de neuro-immunologie et sclérose en Plaques, Service de neurosciences cliniques, CHUV, Lassanne. anastasia.zek@gmail.com

Revue Medicale Suisse
|May 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Anti-neuronal antibodies can cause neurological syndromes, with distinct clinical presentations and treatment responses based on their target. Antibodies targeting intracellular antigens lead to T-cell responses and poor treatment outcomes, unlike those targeting extracellular antigens.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Onconeural autoimmunity

Context:

  • Anti-neuronal antibodies are associated with neurological disorders, often linked to tumors.
  • Clinical manifestations vary based on the antibody's antigenic target (nuclear, cytoplasmic, cell-surface, or synaptic).

Purpose:

  • To review the spectrum of anti-neuronal antibodies.
  • To correlate antibody targets with clinical presentations and therapeutic responses.

Summary:

  • Neurological syndromes driven by antibodies to intracellular antigens involve T-cell responses and show limited treatment efficacy.
  • Syndromes associated with antibodies against extracellular targets are antibody-mediated and often respond well to immunomodulatory and anti-tumoral therapies.

Impact:

  • Differentiates pathogenic mechanisms based on antibody targets.
  • Informs therapeutic strategies for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.
  • Highlights the importance of identifying antibody targets for patient prognosis.