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Related Concept Videos

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit
09:57

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit

Published on: July 13, 2019

Targeted versus universal decolonization to prevent ICU infection.

Susan S Huang1, Edward Septimus, Ken Kleinman

  • 1University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, USA. sshuang@uci.edu

The New England Journal of Medicine
|May 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Universal decolonization in intensive care units (ICUs) significantly reduced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates and bloodstream infections. This strategy proved more effective than targeted decolonization or screening and isolation for preventing healthcare-associated infections.

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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit
09:57

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit

Published on: July 13, 2019

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Public Health Interventions

Background:

  • Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant threat in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a primary pathogen of concern in ICUs.
  • Decolonization strategies, including targeted and universal approaches, are being evaluated to mitigate MRSA transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of universal decolonization, targeted decolonization, and MRSA screening/isolation in reducing MRSA clinical isolates and bloodstream infections in ICUs.
  • To assess the impact of these strategies on overall bloodstream infections.
  • To evaluate the safety and feasibility of universal decolonization in a real-world ICU setting.

Main Methods:

  • A pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial involving 43 hospitals and 74 ICUs.
  • Hospitals were randomized into three groups: MRSA screening and isolation, targeted decolonization, or universal decolonization.
  • Proportional-hazards models were used to analyze differences in infection rates, accounting for hospital clustering.

Main Results:

  • Universal decolonization significantly reduced MRSA clinical isolates (HR 0.63) and all bloodstream infections (HR 0.56) compared to baseline.
  • Universal decolonization demonstrated greater efficacy in reducing all bloodstream infections than targeted decolonization or screening/isolation.
  • One bloodstream infection was prevented for every 54 patients undergoing universal decolonization, with mild adverse events related to chlorhexidine.

Conclusions:

  • Universal decolonization is a highly effective strategy for reducing MRSA clinical isolates and bloodstream infections in routine ICU practice.
  • This approach offers a significant advantage over targeted decolonization and screening/isolation in preventing HAIs.
  • The findings support the widespread implementation of universal decolonization protocols in ICUs to enhance patient safety.